Sudden Stratospheric Warmings

Sudden Stratospheric Warmings as Noise-Induced Transitions

Sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) are usually considered to be initiated by planetary wave activity. Here it is asked whether small-scale variability (e.g., related to gravity waves) can lead to SSWs given a certain amount of planetary wave activity that is by itself not sufficient to cause a SSW. A highly vertically truncated version of the Holton–Mass model of stratospheric wave–mean flow ...

Sudden stratospheric warmings seen in MINOS deep underground muon data

S. Osprey, J. Barnett, J. Smith, P. Adamson,2,y C. Andreopoulos, K. E. Arms, R. Armstrong, D. J. Auty, D. S. Ayres, B. Baller, P. D. Barnes Jr., G. D. Barr, W. L. Barrett, B. R. Becker, A. Belias, R. H. Bernstein, D. Bhattacharya, M. Bishai, A. Blake, G. J. Bock, J. Boehm, D. J. Boehnlein, D. Bogert, C. Bower, E. Buckley-Geer, S. Cavanaugh, J. D. Chapman, D. Cherdack, S. Childress, B. C. Choudh...

Zonal-Mean Dynamics of Extended Recoveries from Stratospheric Sudden Warmings

The recovery of theArctic polar vortex following stratospheric suddenwarmings is found to take upward of 3 months in a particular subset of cases, termed here polar-night jet oscillation (PJO) events. The anomalous zonal-mean circulation above the pole during this recovery is characterized by a persistently warm lower stratosphere, and above this a cold midstratosphere and anomalously high stra...

On the Relationship between ENSO, Stratospheric Sudden Warmings, and Blocking

This paper examines the influence of El Ni~ no–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on different aspects of major stratospheric sudden warmings (SSWs), focusing on the precursor role of blocking events. The results reveal an ENSO modulation of the blocking precursors of SSWs. European and Atlantic blocks tend to precede SSWs during El Ni~ no (EN), whereas eastern Pacific and Siberian blocks are the pref...

Enhanced seasonal forecast skill following stratospheric sudden warmings